Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya, is one of Africa’s most significant urban centers, both in terms of size and economic influence. Known as the “Green City in the Sun,” Nairobi has grown tremendously over the years, expanding in terms of land area, population, and infrastructure. Its size can be measured in different ways, including its physical area, population density, and economic reach.
The Physical Size of Nairobi
Nairobi covers an area of approximately 696 square kilometers (269 square miles), making it one of the largest cities in East Africa. Its geographical boundaries extend from the central business district (CBD) to the suburbs and peri-urban areas, with rapid expansion continuing due to increasing urbanization.
The city is bordered by Kiambu County to the north, Machakos County to the east and southeast, Kajiado County to the south and southwest, and Nakuru County to the west. Nairobi’s location on the central highlands of Kenya, at an altitude of around 1,795 meters (5,889 feet) above sea level, gives it a unique climate compared to other major African cities.
The Population of Nairobi
The population of Nairobi has grown exponentially over the years, from a small railway settlement in the early 1900s to a bustling metropolis. As of the most recent estimates, Nairobi has a population of approximately 5 million people, though this number fluctuates due to daily movement in and out of the city.
The population density is particularly high in informal settlements such as Kibera, Mathare, and Mukuru, where thousands of people live within a small area. In contrast, more affluent areas such as Karen, Runda, and Muthaiga have lower population densities due to larger land allocations per household.
Nairobi’s high population is fueled by rural-to-urban migration, with people moving to the city in search of better employment, education, and business opportunities. This growth has put pressure on infrastructure, leading to challenges in transportation, housing, and public service delivery.
Economic Size and Influence
Nairobi is not just physically big; it is also one of the most economically powerful cities in Africa. The city contributes over 60% of Kenya’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), making it the economic engine of the country. It is home to numerous multinational corporations, international organizations, banks, and businesses that drive Kenya’s economy.
The city hosts the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), one of Africa’s most active stock markets, as well as regional headquarters for global institutions such as the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and UN-Habitat. Additionally, Nairobi has a booming financial and technology sector, with the rise of mobile money services like M-Pesa solidifying its reputation as Africa’s Silicon Savannah.
Infrastructure and Urban Expansion
Due to its rapid growth, Nairobi has seen significant infrastructure development in recent years. The construction of expressways, major roads, and real estate projects has reshaped the city’s skyline and expanded its reach. The Nairobi Expressway, connecting Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA) to the western parts of the city, is one of the most notable developments aimed at easing congestion.
Also Read: Fairview Hotel Nairobi: A Tranquil Retreat in the Heart of the City
Nairobi’s transportation network includes major roads, a commuter rail system, and a growing number of ride-hailing and public transport services. However, traffic congestion remains a major challenge, with thousands of vehicles using the city’s roads daily.
To accommodate its growing population, Nairobi has expanded outward, with satellite towns such as Kitengela, Ruiru, Thika, Limuru, and Ngong becoming part of the larger Nairobi metropolitan area. These towns serve as residential and commercial extensions of the city, reducing pressure on Nairobi’s central areas.
The Environmental and Green Spaces
Despite its urbanization, Nairobi still maintains a significant amount of green space. The Nairobi National Park, which covers approximately 117 square kilometers (45 square miles), is one of the world’s only national parks located within a capital city. It provides a unique wildlife experience where visitors can see lions, rhinos, and giraffes with Nairobi’s skyline in the background.
Additionally, the city has various recreational parks, including Uhuru Park, Karura Forest, and the Nairobi Arboretum, which provide green spaces for relaxation and outdoor activities. However, rapid urban expansion and deforestation have raised concerns about environmental sustainability.
Email your news TIPS to Editor@NairobiNews.co.ke
